8. Samuel, a Filipino citizen of Chinese descent, assisted the Chinese Government in surveying and determining the safest and most secure shores in the Philippines. He thought he was helping the Philippines in this endeavor since the geodetic maps he prepared would allegedly be transmitted to the Philippines for future use. Before the survey was completed, Chinese military vessels entered the Philippines’ Scarborough shores, set up a station secured by two warships, and populated two islets which the Chinese Government proclaimed as their own, all with the use of the geodetic maps. Samuel was then charged with Treason by the Philippine Government. The following testified against Samuel: 1) his helper, Therese, who saw Samuel in numerous meetings with the Chinese Government, though she did not understand their conversations since she does not know Chinese; and 2) his gardener, Rolando, who knows Chinese but has bad eyesight. Rolando was present in all these meetings and had a glimpse of the finished geodetic maps signed by Samuel. Is Samuel liable for Treason? Explain.