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2022 Bar Examination · Civil Law
Civil Law — 2022
Every Civil Law question from the 2022 Bar, traced to the statutes, cases and Supreme Court doctrines it tests. Open any question for the facts, the mapped authorities, and the ALAC model answer.
The 2022 Civil Law questions
Questions are public-domain (Supreme Court Bar examinations). Each ALAC model answer is AI-drafted from landmark authorities and refined with every round of verification.
1. [This item has two questions.] Pepe and Pilar are adjoining lot owners. Suppose Pepe’s lot is titled and without his knowledge, it was encroached upon by Pilar whose lot is untitled but who honestl…
2. [This item has two questions.] Thea, Vanessa, and Sophia are siblings who are co-owners of a 600-sq. m. parcel of land covered by TCT No. 12345 situated along Bangkal Road, Makati City. Thea decide…
3. [This item has two questions.] With the intent to develop a subdivision, Oliver bought a parcel of land adjacent to a subdivision owned by Phil. Oliver’s land had no direct access to the highway, a…
4. The spouses Santos are the registered owners of Lot 2 located in Umaga Subdivision, Caramoan, Camarines Sur, covered by TCT No. 1369. Lot 2, which has been occupied by the spouses Santos for about …
5. In 2014, a wealthy young couple, the spouses Tan, moved by the spirit of generosity and love for their hometown in Siquijor, decided to donate a one-hectare lot in favor of the province of Siquijor…
6. Being an overseas worker, Salvador issued to Ronaldo a duly notarized Special Power of Attorney (SPA) authorizing the latter to enter into a contract of lease over Salvador's property covered by TC…
7. Atoy is one of the five children of Jawo. Jawo was the registered owner of a fourhectare parcel of land in Sta. Cruz, Laguna covered by TCT No. 77347. When Jawodied, the owner’s duplicate of the TC…
8. How does the New Civil Code distinguish between immovable and movable properties? Explain briefly and give two examples for each. (5 points)…
9. [This item has two questions.] This case involves two competing titles: TCT No. 23456 in the name of Flor and TCT No. 65432 in the name of de Luna. Flor’s title was derived from Rodrigo. Rodrigo’s …
10. In 2008, a fire razed the Register of Deeds of San Fernando, Pampanga (RD). Several titles on file were burned. Long before the fire, Tito, Vic, and Joey had been living in a 350-sq. m. lot covere…
11. Ely borrows Php 2,000,000.00 from Mia and mortgages a parcel of land to secure the loan. The mortgage provides for a 5% monthly interest, a five-year maturityperiod, a default provision in case of…
12. Luz is the owner of a parcel of land consisting of 500 square meters located in San Miguel, Bulacan and covered by TCT No. R-248016. Luz agreed to sell to Minda the land for Php 500,000.00, payabl…
1. Noel is the son of spouses Marie and Benedict. Benedict has passed away. For Noel’s 7th birthday, his paternal grandparents offered and pay for his birthday party. In coordination with Marie, the g…
2. Razna and Junsi got married in 2015 and were blessed with two children, Zarah and Mica. In 2020, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the entire family had to spend 24 hours together every day in thei…
3. Before they married in 2000, Nonoy and Daday signed a marriage settlement wherein they agreed that their property relations as husband and wife would be governed by the conjugal partnership of gain…
4. [This item has two questions.] In 2013, Agaton, then 70 years old, executed a will wherein he bequeathed his entire estate to his acknowledged illegitimate son Karl. Agaton entrusted the original c…
5. Joey was the legitimate son of Ron and May. Joey died intestate and was survived by his wife Kathy and their two legitimate children, Luis and Clarisse. Several months after Joey died, Ron also die…
6. [This item has two questions.] Jungkook, who owns a building, leases the same to Gel with the following terms: (i) the lease is for a period of ten years; (ii) the yearly rental is Php 1,200,000.00…
7. Brenda saw the online advertisement of Evelyn, who sells limited edition sneakers. Through an exchange of text messages, Evelyn and Brenda agreed that: (i) Evelyn will sell to Brenda a pair of bran…
8. In 2017, Alma orally sold a parcel of unregistered land to the spouses Ray and Shane for Php 500,000.00. Upon receipt of the initial payment of Php 350,000.00, Alma delivered possession of the land…
9. Aida, for the consideration of Php 5,000,000.00, sold her parcel of land to Lorna, as evidenced by a notarized Deed of Sale. Lorna, however, failed to deliver the amount in full, paying only Php 50…
10. Laica and Jessica, who are best friends, are both engaged in moneylending at predatory interest rates. Running out of funds, Laica borrows Php 2,000,000.00 from 6 of 7 Jessica for two months at a …
11. Leon is the owner of a condominium unit located directly above the condominium unit owned by Anj. In 2014, Leon undertook renovations in his unit’s bathroom, which caused water to leak from his ba…
12. Gio, single, joined a marathon organized by Takbo Co. For lack of alternative routes, the marathon course included a public road which was not blocked-off from vehicles. Takbo Co. solicited the sp…
13. Eka, a Filipina, and Du-guil, a Korean, married in the Philippines. Thereafter, they moved to Seoul, South Korea. While there, Du-guil began to ignore Eka. He was always out with his friends and u…
14. During Remy’s pregnancy, her father Gavin executed a will bequeathing his rest house in Calatagan, Batangas to Remy’s unborn child. While Gavin and Remy, who was then seven months pregnant, were o…
15. [This item has two questions.] Miguel, who died single and childless, was survived by his two legitimate brothers Romy and Rolly, and his nephews Arno and Pabs, the legitimate sons of his predecea…