Civil Law — 2025

1. A leased out his penthouse condominium unit to B. Unfortunately, A figured in an accident and perished, leaving his son, C, as his sole heir. Subsequently, C demanded that B vacate the premises by …

2. In a desperate attempt to dispose of her assets, X, a fugitive from justice, called her friend, Y, instructing him to sell her house and lot located at Forbes Park to the first interested buyer for…

3. The government owned a 12-hectare land in Cavite classified as forest land. Informal settlers built shanty houses on the land since it was flat and there were no trees planted thereon. In 2023, the…

4. A, a member of a popular boy band in the Philippines, got his girlfriend, B, pregnant. A and B got married in Hong Kong where the legal age to get married was at least 15 years old. At the time of …

5. A, B, and C are co-owners of a three-hectare agricultural land with a fair market value of PHP 9 million or PHP 3 million per hectare. A offered to sell his share to B and C for a total amount of P…

6. A borrowed money from B in the amount of PHP 100,000.00. C, a good friend of A, issued a promissory note in favor of B, binding herself to pay the loan of A on its due date. Was there a novation of…

7. A, upon request, lent his white van to his friend, B, to drive his wife C from Tarlac to XYZ Medical Center in BGC for treatment. On his way back to Tarlac and after leaving C at the hospital, peop…

8. A and B were husband and wife. A was pregnant at the time of their wedding but contrary to what she made B believe, he was not the father of her baby. C, A’s ex- fiancé, was the father. Shortly aft…

9. A was adopted by X, the owner of a local chicken and beer restaurant. For several years, X’s business had been struggling. To keep the business afloat, X incurred several loans from banks in the to…

10. Childhood best friends, A, B, and C took out a business loan from XYZ Bank in the amount of PHP 3 million for their joint venture project. They executed a promissory note binding them to jointly a…

11. A had three children, X, Y, and Z. In her will, A instituted only X and Y as her heirs to her entire estate. She disinherited Z because Z married a drug addict who was disrespectful. Is Z’s disinh…

12. A and B got married in 2018. It was only after the marriage that A discovered B’s true colors. He refused to look for gainful employment and instead relied on A’s salary for all his needs. Worse, …

13. X hired Y as her driver for her daily commute to work. One Monday, X woke up an hour late. To get to work on time, she instructed Y to step on the pedal and drive fast. She also threatened to fire…

14. On March 15, 2025, A and B got married before Judge C as the solemnizing officer inside her chambers in the Regional Trial Court for Makati City. Unknown to both A and B, Judge C was dismissed fro…

15. A died intestate and without any ascendants, descendants, and surviving spouse. A was survived by B, his cousin, and C, his sister. Can B demand from C to split A’s estate in half? Reason(s).…

16. A and B got married in 1991 without a pre-nuptial agreement. In 1997, A forged B’s signature on the promissory note covering the loan she obtained from P Commercial Bank (PCB) for her printing bus…

17. A was a public school teacher in XYZ Elementary School. She applied for and was granted several loans on various dates by the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) amounting to PHP 147,000.00…

18. A entered into a contract of sale conveying a house and lot in favor of B. Unwilling to pay thousands of pesos for notarization fees, A and B decided not to have the contract of sale notarized. B …

19. A leased out his condominium unit for 10 years for PHP 50,000.00 a month. Meanwhile, A harbored his mistress X in his house while his wife, B, was in the United States of America. Subsequently, A …

20. On October 18, 2022, the Supreme Court En Banc promulgated the Rule on International Child Abduction Cases (Rule) which implements the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child …