Labor Law — 2025

1. A, an extremely talented digital artist, was employed by XYZ Creatives as a graphic designer. One day, A accidentally side-swiped the company president’s BMW car. From then on, the president had be…

2. A filed a complaint against XYZ Corp. for unfair labor practice. A alleged that only workers who graduated from ABC University were given free breakfast and free lunch by the corporation. A, an alu…

3. A was hired on probationary basis by XYZ Industries. Upon the expiration of the probationary period of six months, A was informed that he failed to meet the required standards to be regularized. A …

4. Employees of XYZ Bank, a government-owned or controlled corporation without an original charter, filed with the labor arbiter a case for illegal dismissal against XYZ Bank. XYZ Bank moved to dismis…

5. XYZ Corporation entered into a Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) with ABC Union, containing a clause which required all employees of the company to be members of ABC Union. A questioned the val…

6. XYZ Company was engaged in the construction of luxury multi-storey homes and midrise condominiums. One of its projects was a three-storey mansion of Senator A. XYZ Company was about to do concrete …

7. XYZ Gym engaged A, B, and C as fitness trainers. They were paid fixed monthly salaries, commissions, and other statutory benefits. After two years, XYZ Gym reclassified them as freelance trainers. …

8. XYZ International School, Inc. was a domestic educational institution established primarily for dependents of foreign diplomatic personnel and other temporary residents. It classified its teachers …

9. X, a cashier at ABC Mart, filed a complaint for illegal dismissal with prayer for reinstatement and payment of full backwages against ABC Mart. X alleged that one day, ABC Mart told her not to retu…

10. On her first day of work, A filed an application for membership with Samahan ng Mga Magsasaging (SMM), the sole and exclusive bargaining agent of the plantation workers in XYZ Farms. But the union…

11. X and Y have five children. In order to keep the embers of love burning, they took an annual trip together as a couple. A month later, X got pregnant with their sixth child. She applied for matern…

12. ABC Corporation, a legitimate job contractor engaged in the construction business, hired X as a plumber. Under a service agreement, ABC Corporation undertook to provide workers for the constructio…

13. The workers of a government corporation went on a mass leave because of its refusal to increase their salaries. They invoked Article XIII, Section 3 of the Constitution which provides that the Sta…

14. The Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board (RTWPB) of Region V issued Wage Order No. 16, providing an increase in the Cost-of-Living Allowance (COLA) for workers in the private sector. X…

15. In G.R. No. 123456, the Supreme Court declared ABC Company liable for illegal dismissal when it terminated the services of X without just or authorized cause. Following the finality of the decisio…

16. A was engaged as a delivery personnel by a luxury optical store. In his two years of employment, he had twice served a one-month suspension for losing clients’ reading glasses. This time, he was t…

17. X, a kasambahay of A for five years, filed an application for leave for five days to visit her family in the province. A approved the leave. X returned after the end of her leave. When she receive…

18. X, an employee of DEF Company, openly criticized the incumbent exclusive bargaining representative of the rank-and-file employees, ABC Union, for its alleged weak leadership. On June 10, 2025, X, …

19. X, Y, and Z, employees of ABC Security Agency, were security guards assigned in Sta. Clara, Lamitan, Basilan. On October 1, 2024, ABC Security Agency instructed them to report by October 15, 2024 …

20. According to the World Health Organization, “burnout” is a workplace syndrome marked by exhaustion, mental detachment from work, and reduced performance. Recognizing this, the Court launched the J…